ABSTRACT
This paper aimed to describe the main clinico-epidemiological, laboratory, and anatomopathological findings in 10 cattle affected with caudal vena cava thrombosis. The main clinical signs observed were decreased milk production, reduced appetite, apathy, impairment of ruminal motility, cardiorespiratory disorders (tachycardia and tachypnea), epistaxis, hemoptysis, and ascites. Intercurrent diseases such as mastitis, metritis, and phlebitis were verified. The hematological findings were mild anemia, leukocytosis due to neutrophilia with regenerative left shift, and hyperfibrinogenemia. The pathological exams revealed thrombi in the caudal vena cava, hepatomegaly, ascites, liver abscesses, pulmonary edema and emphysema, and abscesses in the lungs. The association of epidemiological information, clinical signs such as respiratory distress, epistaxis or hemoptysis, in addition to anemia and leukocytosis due to neutrophilia, as well as the occurrence of thrombus in the caudal vena cava as pathological findings, are indicative elements of the clinical picture of vena cava thrombosis in cattle. It is reiterated that this disease has an unfavorable prognosis and, when diagnosed, the animal must be culled.(AU)
Este trabalho teve por objetivo descrever os principais achados clínico-epidemiológicos, laboratoriais e anatomopatológicos de 10 bovinos diagnosticados com trombose da veia cava caudal. Os principais achados clínicos foram redução da produção leiteira, diminuição do apetite, apatia, comprometimento da dinâmica ruminal, alterações cardio-respiratórias (taquicardia e taquipnéia), epistaxe, hemoptise e ascite. Foi constatada a ocorrência de doenças intercorrentes como mastite, metrite e flebite. O hemograma revelou discreta anemia, leucocitose por neutrofilia com desvio para esquerda regenerativo e hiperfibrinogenemia. No exame anatomopatológico revelou trombos localizados na veia cava caudal, hepatomegalia, ascite e abscessos hepáticos; além de abscessos, enfisema e edema pulmonares. A associação de informações epidemiológicas, sinais clínicos como desconforto respiratório, epistaxe ou hemoptise, além de anemia e leucocitose por neutrofilia, bem como a ocorrência de trombo na veia cava caudal como achados patológicos são elementos indicativos do quadro clínico de trombose de veia cava em bovinos. Reitera-se que essa doença tem prognóstico desfavorável e, quando diagnosticada, o animal deve ser abatido.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Thromboembolism/pathology , Thrombosis/pathology , Vascular Diseases/pathology , Cattle , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/veterinarySubject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Vascular Diseases/congenital , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/therapy , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/diagnostic imaging , Vascular Diseases/pathology , Vascular Diseases/therapy , Vascular Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Cardiac Catheterization/methods , Treatment Outcome , Coronary Angiography/methods , Ultrasonography, Interventional/methods , Coronary Vessel Anomalies/pathologyABSTRACT
Abstract Plexiform neurofibromas are benign tumors originating from peripheral nerve sheaths, generally associated with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1). They are diffuse, painful and sometimes locally invasive, generating cosmetic problems. This report discusses an adolescent patient who presented with an isolated, giant plexiform neurofibroma on her leg that was confused with a vascular lesion due to its clinical aspects. Once the diagnosis was confirmed by surgical biopsy, excision of the lesion was performed with improvement of the symptoms.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Skin Neoplasms/pathology , Vascular Diseases/pathology , Neurofibroma, Plexiform/pathology , Skin Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Vascular Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Biopsy , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Neurofibroma, Plexiform/diagnostic imaging , Diagnosis, Differential , Leg/blood supply , Leg/pathologyABSTRACT
El glucocáliz endotelial es una capa constituida por glucosaminoglicanos, proteoglicanos y glucoproteínas que cubre al endotelio en su cara luminal. La participación del deterioro del glucocáliz endotelial parece esencial en los pasos iniciales de la fisiopatología de la aterosclerosis, de las complicaciones microangiopáticas de la diabetes mellitus y de la enfermedad venosa crónica. Los factores de riesgo de la aterosclerosis como la hipercolesterolemia, la hiperglucemia, la inflamación, el exceso de sodio y las fuerzas de tensión alteradas causan deterioro del glucocáliz. Esto provoca disfunción endotelial y permite la filtración de lipoproteínas (LDL) y de leucocitos al espacio subendotelial, iniciando la formación de la placa de ateroma. En la diabetes el glucocáliz adelgazado, principalmente por estrés oxidativo, posibilita la filtración de proteínas (albuminuria) y el trastorno endotelial de la microangiopatía. La hipertensión venosa crónica altera las fuerzas de tensión y daña el glucocáliz, lo que permite la filtración de leucocitos a las partes más profundas de la pared venosa, iniciando la inflamación y el deterioro morfológico y funcional de las venas que lleva a la enfermedad venosa crónica. El tratamiento con glucosaminoglicanos (sulodexida) logra prevenir o revertir el daño al glucocáliz endotelial y algunas de sus consecuencias; es eficaz en la enfermedad venosa crónica, especialmente con úlceras venosas. También ha sido útil en aterosclerosis obliterante de miembros inferiores y en la nefropatía diabética con albuminuria.
Endothelial glycocalyx is a layer composed by glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans and glycoproteins attached to the vascular endothelial luminal surface. Shredding of glycocalyx appears as an essential initial step in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and microangiopathic complications of diabetes mellitus, as well as in chronic venous disease. Atherosclerosis risk factors, as hypercholesterolemia (LDL), hyperglycemia, inflammation, salt excess and altered shear stress can damage glycocalyx. This lead to endothelial dysfunction and allows LDL and leukocytes to filtrate to the subendothelial space initiating atheroma plaque formation. Degradation of glycocalyx in diabetes mellitus is mainly due to oxidative stress and enables protein filtration (albuminuria) and endothelial disorder of microangiopathy. Chronic venous hypertension brings to altered shears stress which results in shredded glycocalyx, this allows leukocytes to migrate into venous wall and initiate inflammation leading to morphologic and functional venous changes of the chronic venous disease. Treatment with glycosaminoglycans (sulodexide) prevents or recovers the damaged glycocalyx and several of its consequences. This drug improves chronic venous disease and promotes healing of chronic venous ulcers. It has also been useful in peripheral arterial obstructive disease and in diabetic nephropathy with albuminuria.
Subject(s)
Humans , Diabetic Angiopathies/etiology , Endothelium, Vascular , Glycocalyx/physiology , Vascular Diseases/etiology , Atherosclerosis/etiology , Atherosclerosis/pathology , Chronic Disease , Diabetic Angiopathies/drug therapy , Diabetic Angiopathies/pathology , Endothelium, Vascular/chemistry , Glycocalyx/chemistry , Glycocalyx/drug effects , Glycosaminoglycans/therapeutic use , Vascular Diseases/drug therapy , Vascular Diseases/pathology , Venous Pressure/physiologyABSTRACT
Objective To assess the morphological changes of penile vascular structures and the corpus cavernosum area in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. Materials and Methods Twenty male rabbits (2 months old) were divided into two groups with 10 rabbits each, the control group (CG) and the diabetic group (DG). The animals from DG received an intravenous injection of alloxan (100mg/kg) to induce the diabetes. Ten weeks after the induction of diabetes, all animals were euthanized. Two fragments of the penile shaft were harvested and samples were processed and paraffin embedded. Sections (5µm) were cut and stained for histological and immunohistochemical markers. Results Nuclear protrusion toward the lumen, and cytoplasmic vacuolization were observed in the tunica intima of the dorsal artery of the penis in DG. The thicknesses of the tunica media increased significantly in DG (p = 0.0350). It was also observed a significant increase in the area of the tunica media (p = 0.0179). There was no significant change in smooth muscle cell density in the tunica media of the dorsal artery of the penis (p = 0.0855). The collagen fiber pattern of the tunica adventitia of the dorsal artery of the penis was different between the control and diabetic groups. There was a significant decrease in the area occupied by the cavernous sinuses in DG (p = 0.0013). Conclusion Alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in rabbits promotes important changes in penile vascular structures, thereby decreasing blood supply and affecting penile hemodynamics, leading to erectile dysfunction. .
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Rabbits , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology , Penis/blood supply , Vascular Diseases/pathology , Alloxan , Blood Glucose/analysis , Constriction, Pathologic/complications , Constriction, Pathologic/pathology , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications , Erectile Dysfunction/etiology , Hemodynamics , Hypertrophy/pathology , Immunohistochemistry , Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology , Penile Erection , Vascular Diseases/complicationsABSTRACT
Background: Collagen vascular disorders (CVDs) are autoimmune disorders with multisystem involvement. Clinical liver involvement is not a characteristic feature though histological involvement could be frequent. Liver disease in CVDs could be the consequence of various factors. Aim: The aim was to analyze the histological spectrum of liver in collagen vascular disorders (CVDs) at autopsy. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six autopsy livers negative for hepatitis B or C virus were studied in CVD cases with no known association with chronic liver disease or vascular thrombosis or hematological disorder. Cirrhotic and normal livers were used as controls. The paired t-test, one-way ANOVA, and two-sided Dunnett t-test were used for comparison (< 0.05). None of the control cases showed any abnormal vessels. Results: There were 21 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 7 rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 5 systemic sclerosis (SSc), and 3 polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) cases (M:F = 11:25, age range 23-60 years). Histology: Diffuse nodular regenerative hyperplasia of liver (NRHL) was seen in 10 cases, and 6 (5 SLE and 1 RA) had numerous abnormal thin-walled vessels in intermediate- and small-sized portal tracts with no vascular occlusion or inflammation. Moderate sized portal tracts showed more interface and lobular inflammation. The main portal vein and its major branches were normal. None of these six cases had increased transmainases (P>0.05). Most SLE cases had increased transaminases (P<0.05). No evidence of portal hypertension was seen in all except in one RA. Septicemia is known to be associated with raised transaminases. Conclusion: A rare pathology of conglomerate of abnormal vessels in intermediate- and small-sized portal system was observed co-existing with NRHL in CVDs. Raised liver enzyme with interface hepatitis in CVD may not necessarily warrant an overlap, as a similar feature could be observed in septicemia.
Subject(s)
Adult , Autopsy , Collagen Diseases/complications , Collagen Diseases/pathology , Female , Histocytochemistry , Humans , Liver/blood supply , Liver/pathology , Liver Diseases/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Portal Vein/pathology , Vascular Diseases/complications , Vascular Diseases/pathologyABSTRACT
Se realiza un estudio en 11 pacientes escogidos al azar para cirugía vascular. 6 presentaban enfermedad renal en hemodiálisis que requerían de una fístula arteriovenosa; 2 sufrieron trauma vascular complejo y 3 presentaban enfermedad ateroesclerótica severa con daños isquémicos. Se les aplicó un procedimiento combinado de técnicas de minimo daño endotelial que disminuyeran la hiperplasia neointimal y la pérdida de permeabilidad a largo plazo. Se aplicó la toma del injerto venoso por la técnica de "no touch", anastomosis de doble anclada y llenado venoso con columna de sangre y presión propias del paciente. Los pacientes fueron seguidos por un periodo minimo de 6 meses y máximo de 10 años. Los resultados fueron alentadores con alta tasa de permebilidad en el tiempo. Creemos que la aplicación de técnicas que remeden lo mejor posible la anatomía y fisiología en el tratamiento de las enfermedades vasculares, se obtendrían resultados excelentes a largo.
This is an investigation in the camp of physilogical vascular surgery. Were included II patients, between 1996 to 2006. 6 sulfered chronic renal diseases submitted to hemodialisis, 2 with severe and complex vascular trauma and 3 suffering peripheral artery diseases with ischemic lesion. All of them were submitted to surgical techniques that diminished endothelial damage, intimal hyperplasia and permit a long time successful in vessel permeability. the patients were followed in a term of 6 month to 10 years. The vesses permeability rare was high.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Vascular Diseases/surgery , Vascular Diseases/pathology , Vascular Diseases/therapy , Arteriovenous Fistula/surgery , Arteriovenous Fistula/therapy , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology , Graft Occlusion, Vascular/surgery , Suture Anchors , Dissection/methods , Renal Dialysis/methodsABSTRACT
Vascular calcification plays a major role in cardiovascular disease, which is one of the main causes of mortality in chronic kidney disease patients. Vascular calcification is determined by prevalent traditional and uraemia-related [non-traditional] risk factors. It occurs mainly in the arteries, which are classified into three types according to their size and structural characteristics. In addition, vascular calcification has been associated with bone loss and fractures in chronic kidney disease patients and the general population, stressing the fact that both disorders can share pathogenetic pathways. The strategies to control vascular calcification involve several measures, chief among them the control of hyperphosphataemia. Furthermore, it has been recently described that strategies that reduce bone resorption and increase bone mineralization may decrease the risk of vascular calcifications; however, this approach still remains controversial. The mechanisms involved in vascular calcification are complex and not yet fully understood. Phosphorus plays a major role, while other factors related to bone formation have been recently identified
Subject(s)
Kidney Failure, Chronic/pathology , Vascular Diseases/pathology , Bone Diseases, Metabolic/etiology , Disease Progression , Risk Factors , PhosphorusABSTRACT
El presente es un trabajo cuyo objeto fue caracterizar el Retardo del Crecimiento Intrauterino "RCIU" en pacientes atendidos en el Hospital tipo I de Coloncito entre enero-diciembre 2006, determinando su prevalencia, el tipo más frecuente y los factores de riesgo maternos existentes. Mediante un diseño descriptivo con abordaje longitudinal retrospectivo, con el 100 por ciento de la muestra que representó 362 historias. Se obtuvo que el RCIU tiene una prevalencia de 4,7 por ciento y que de éstos el 82,34 por ciento fue de tipo simétrico; además el factor de riesgo materno que destacó fue el mal control prenatal "CPN" con 42,54 por ciento. Demostrándose así que el RCIU de tipo simétrico tiene una alta prevalencia en nuestra zona y por tal motivo se recomienda buscar medidas para reforzar el CPN, y así recibir el diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Prenatal Care/methods , Vascular Diseases/pathology , Fetal Hypoxia/etiology , Placental Insufficiency/pathology , Fetal Growth Retardation/etiology , Fetal Growth Retardation/physiopathology , Fetal Growth Retardation/pathology , Education of Intellectually Disabled , Medical Records/statistics & numerical data , Obstetrics , Risk Factors , Venezuela/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Se han descrito las alteraciones ultraestructurales en fibras musculares esqueléticas en pacientes VIH+. En fibras del músculo orbicular de los labios se efectuaron las siguientes observaciones: atrofia, desorganización del sistema sarcotubular y núcleos hipercrómaticos. Los cambios encontrados en la microvasculatura, fueron compatibles con los encontrados en la fibra en enfermedades autoinmunes: Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico, Diabetes Autoinmune, Síndrome de Sjõrgen. Propósito: Evaluar las alteraciones ultraestructurales en la microvasculatura asociadas a desórdenes en el músculo orbicular de los labios de pacientes VIH+. Material y Método: se tomaron biopsias del músculo orbicular de los labios de pacientes del Centro de Atención a Pacientes con Enfermedades Infectocontagiosas Dra. Elsa La Corte entre 2001- 2002, masculinos , femeninos, edades entre 38 y 53 años. Pacientes VIH+, bajo terapia HAART, presentando miopatía. Biopsias procesadas por técnicas rutinarias para M.E.T. Resultados: citoplasma capilar proliferativo, ruptura de la membrana plasmática de la célula endotelial, membrana basal engrosada, endotelio con áreas electrón densas y electrón transparentes, prolongaciones del citoplasma hacia la luz. Conclusión: se sugiere que los efectos del VIH sobre la microvasculatura del músculo esquelético son similares a los descritos en otras enfermedades autoinmunes.
Ultrastructural alterations of squeletic muscle fibers in HIV+ patients have been described. In orbicular muscle fibers of lips were realized the following observations: atrophy, sarcotubular system desorganization and hyperchromatic nuclei. Changes found in the microvasculature were similar to there seen in autoimmune disorders as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Autoimmune Diabetes and Sjörgen Syndrome. Propose: evaluation of microvascular ultrastructural alterations in orbicular muscles in HIV patients. Material and Methods: biopsies were taken from lips orbicular muscles in patients attending the Centre for the Care of Patients with Infections and Contagions diseases "Dra Elsa La Corte" between years 2001 and 2002, females and males, with ages between 38 and 53 years. Patients used HAART therapy, present myopathy. .Biopsies were processed according to rutinary techniques for Transmission Electron Microscopy. Results: proliferative endothelial cell cytoplasm in some case rupture of plasma membrane with necrosis, widening of basement membrane, endothelial cell cytoplasm with different electron densities and infolding of cytoplasm into the lumen. Conclusion: it is suggested that the effects of HIV on the skeletal muscle microvasculature are similar to those described in other autoimmune diseases.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Vascular Diseases/etiology , Vascular Diseases/pathology , HIV Infections/complications , Lip/abnormalities , Facial Muscles/abnormalities , Facial Muscles/ultrastructure , Dental Care for Chronically Ill/methods , Biopsy/methods , Autoimmune Diseases/pathology , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Venezuela/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Se utilizó índice isquémico (II) para evaluar presencia de enfermedad vascular periférica (EVP) y creatinina sérica (CrS) para estimar la tasa de filtración glomerular (TFG) como parámetro de funcionalismo renal, para describir si existe relación entre ambas variables. Se realizó un estudio transversal, analítico; con 74 pacientes diabéticos tipo 2. El II se calculó dividiendo la PA sistólica pedia entre la braquial, ambas obtenidas por método auscultatorio. La TFG fue calculada según la fórmula recomendada por la NKF. Los datos fueron analizados con STATA 8.0 ®. El 98.6 por ciento de los pacientes mostró una TFG disminuida. Se encontró un II por debajo de lo normal en el 14,29 por ciento (10/70) de los casos. Todos los pacientes que evidenciaron un II<0.91 presentaron una TFG disminuida. El r para TFG e II fue de 0.07 para una p=0.05. No se encontró correlación lineal entre las variables estudiadas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Vascular Diseases/pathology , Glomerular Filtration Rate , Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain , Kidney DiseasesABSTRACT
A hiper-homocisteinemia é um fator de risco independente para as doenças vasculares oclusivas. Os mecanismos exatos pelos quais a hiper-homocisteinemia favorece o desenvolvimento dessas doenças não são totalmente compreendidos. Sugere-se que o dano ao endotélio vascular, promovido pelas espécies de oxigênio reativas, oriundas da oxidação da homocisteína, seja a causa dos eventos tromboembólicos. Estudos indicam que a homocisteína interfere em vários mecanismos anticoagulantes mediados pelo endotélio vascular, tais como: redução da ativação da proteína C, inibição da trombomodulina e supressão da expressão do sulfato de heparan. Sabe-se que os níveis de homocisteína são influenciados por diversos fatores, dentre eles destaca-se a deficiência de vitaminas do complexo B (especialmente folato, cobalamina e piridoxina). A suplementação de folato, isoladamente ou em combinação com a cobalamina e piridoxina, reduz os níveis de homocisteína plasmática mesmo em pessoas que não apresentam deficiência dessas vitaminas. Esta revisão tem como objetivos abordar os possíveis mecanismos pelos quais a hiper-homocisteinemia poderia levar ao desenvolvimento de eventos tromboembólicos e o tratamento nutricional da hiper-homocisteinemia.
Subject(s)
Vitamins , Dietary Vitamins , Cardiovascular Diseases/pathology , Vascular Diseases/pathology , Homocysteine/metabolismABSTRACT
La Megadolicoectasia basilar (MDEB), es una enfermedad vascular raramente vista: consiste en una elongación excesiva y tortuosa de la arteria basilar. Puede estar asociada a diversas manifestaciones neurológicas como: cefalea, vértigo, pérdida de audición ideopática, y compromiso de nervios craneales por compresión. Conociendo la incierta incidencia de esta patología, reportamos el caso de un paciente masculino con 41 años raza blanca, en cuyos estudios de imagen (RMN, ARTERIOGRAFIA CONVENCIONAL, ANGIOTAC) se evidenció esta patología.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Basilar Artery/pathology , Headache/diagnosis , Diagnostic Imaging/methods , Vascular Diseases/pathology , Cranial Nerve Injuries/etiology , Vertigo/diagnosis , Tinnitus/diagnosis , Hypertension/etiology , Neurology , Auditory Perceptual Disorders/etiologyABSTRACT
Dor e fenomeno comum nos membros inferiores. Varias sao as razoes de sua ocorrencia. Afeccoes musculo-esueleticas, dermatologicas, vasculares, neuropaticas ou viscerais abdominais. Destacam-se as musculo-esqueleticas, especialmente...